The model occupies an important position in the preparation phases of a project, more specifically, it is part of the intermediate phase between the concept sketch or the concept itself and the finished product.
The architectural model is in fact the transposition of the objective in nature, using the presentation of the objective, but also the analysis of the object to be built.
From sketch to finished product
At the same time, the model has an important role in terms of the stages of making a three-dimensional product. After the sketches are analyzed, the next step is checking the 3D concept, i.e. checking the functionality in three dimensions.
Often, there are major differences noticed between what is presented on the sketches and the final object. This can also happen to objects that we consider to be commonplace, for example, a seat or a car.
The reality after checking the 3D functionality cannot be replaced by the sketch, more precisely, if in those sketches, the object has an impressive aesthetic, the reality can look a completely different object, after its functionality has been checked in three dimensions. In addition to this visual perception, the model is especially important for ergonomic study.
Thus, in this situation, the prototype is the most suitable. It is also useful for those situations in which the texture of the materials used is followed.
Architectural models can be made in different ways. The first way is modeling in a 3D program, and the second way is modeling using computer-assisted machines. A category of easy-to-make models are the preliminary study models made of wood or plywood, used in their structure.
How an architectural model is born
Let’s take an office building as an example. A certain sketch will be chosen from all the proposed sketches and it will be carefully examined and improved by means of the model. One of the methods used for volume transposition is creating successive and equidistant sections, but also perpendicular to the plane of symmetry.
Imagine that all these schemes are cut in plywood, in the model itself. Modeling clay will be put in small quantities on the new cut structure, it will be pressed and we will take advantage of all the unevenness for a better adhesion.
The next step is the correction of the asymmetries with the help of a compass, a template, as the corrections take into account the scheme of symmetry.
Following the large shapes, the finishing will be done on the wet material. After the drying stage, with the help of an abrasive paper, the polishing is done. This last stage is the stage in which the model can be used, in which the 3D scan is used or in which the model can be painted.
Now, all the defects that appeared after finishing will be more visible, and this is due to the gloss obtained by painting, in the above mentioned stage. There is also increased attention for the edges. An important thing to mention is the fact that the model should not be confused with the prototype.
How models find their place in architecture
In architecture, conceptual models are often used by specialists. They impose their functionality in the various architectural competitions, in the exhibitions, but also in the case of art galleries. The conceptual models are meant to be used to present solutions from an architectural point of view, but also to simulate the shapes of various buildings.
The conceptual models also include the study models that are used during the design of a building, of some design objects, of some ensembles and cities.
White, but also other neutral shades are used to make these models, and simple materials are preferred. The models used by the architects help those who view them in establishing the ratio of the proportions between the buildings, but also between the green spaces.
